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Articles
Received in:
October 2000
(Printed
Issue: November 2000)
San
Francisco Bay Section Award Recognition

by Dave Williams, Bay Section President
The survey shows it…we see it everyday in our working
environment…it is extremely important to every organization and it
can be practiced by everyone. What I am talking about is
recognition. That simple human act where one person says to another
that what they did was noteworthy. However, in our modern workforce
with our busy schedules and hectic pace, all too often, recognition
is sadly lacking. I think most of us would agree that recognition
should be practiced on a daily basis; but often times we just plain
forget to do it. We have an excellent opportunity each year,
however, within the San Francisco Bay Section to recognize all the
good work that is done by individuals and organizations throughout
the year and to place special recognition on those we feel that are
the best. The opportunity that I am referring to is, of course, our
annual awards banquet.
The San Francisco Bay Section has a long-standing tradition of
each and every year holding its annual awards banquet in early
February. It is one of the most festive events the Bay Section holds
and is widely attended by individuals from all corners of our
membership including our public agencies, consultants, manufacturers
and industries. It is also the one time during the year when we see
several of our elder statesmen from the Bay Section who have long
since retired coming together to share the camaraderie and
fellowship of our industry.
The opportunities at the annual awards banquet abound. There are
recognition awards for individuals, organizations, and projects,
plus we also take the opportunity to recognize special efforts on
the part of individuals, such as outstanding service to the Section.
CWEA strongly supports the local section awards and in fact many of
our award winners go on to compete at the state level. Bay Section
members have been successful on numerous occasions in being
recognized at the annual CWEA conference as the best in the state.
But as you may imagine, the whole process of recognizing the best
in our Section cannot be done overnight. There is a whole process
consisting of distributing the nomination forms, assembling the
judging committees, reconfirming the criteria that is used to
evaluate the nominations, conducting detail reviews of the
nominations, including site inspections and walk-throughs, arranging
for the banquet hall facilities, arranging many other logistics in
preparation for the festive occasion, including posters sessions,
photography, audio/video, and many other activities that are
required to have a successful event. However, there is one more very
important factor and that is all of the effort and hard work will
not result in a successful event without you…the San Francisco Bay
Section members who come forward with all the nominations of those
individuals, organizations and activities that are deserving of the
recognition. I ask that you start thinking now about those
individuals, organizations and projects that you feel are worthy of
recognition and take the time to complete a nomination form.
There are many opportunities for recognition. The following are
the listing of the awards of the San Francisco Bay Section:
- Collection System of the Year
- Collection System Person of the Year
- Laboratory Analyst of the Year
- Engineer Achievement Award
- Research Achievement Award
- Supervisor of the Year
- Plant Safety Awards for small, medium and large plants
- Industrial/Waste Hazardous Person of the Year
- Industrial/Waste Hazardous Facility of the Year
- Public Education Award for both Large and Small Budget
Organization
- Large Plant of the Year
- Small Plant of the Year
- Plant Operator of the Year
- Mechanic/Technician of the Year
Nomination packages are currently available from any of your
Board or Committee members. The deadline for the receipt of
application is November 1, 2000 and anyone can submit a nomination.
Recognition is important. In fact, it is one of the most
important thing that we can do. Please take the opportunity that is
just around the corner to recognize an individual, an organization
or project that your feel is deserving. The San Francisco Bay
Section Awards Banquet continues to be an outstanding event within
our industry, offering a wonderful evening of camaraderie with
friends and colleagues and providing an opportunity to recognize
those who are truly deserving.
Editor's Note: For more information regarding the Awards
Program, and a link to the application forms on the CWEA website,
see Alexis Halstead's
announcement.
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The
TCP Exam - How Test Pass Points are Determined

The Pass Point
The test pass point is the minimum score required to pass a
certification test. The pass point is also known as a cut score or
passing score. Pass points for CWEA certification tests vary with
each test, but usually they fall between 65% and 75% of all test
items answered correctly. The pass point for each vocation and grade
level is set independently. Also, each version, or form, of a test
will have its own pass point. Different versions are given each time
the certification test is administered.
How Pass Points Are Set
A modified Angoff Method is used to determine the pass point
for each version of each test. The modified Angoff Method uses
expert judgements to determine the difficulty level of the test. The
easier the test, the higher the pass point. Likewise, the more
difficult the test, the lower the pass point.
The following is a basic outline of the modified
Angoff Method (some details have been omitted):
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A group of Subject Matter Experts (SMEs)
independently rate each test question within a given test. The
ratings are defined as the probability, or likelihood, that an
acceptably (minimally) competent person with the requisite
education and experience will answer the question correctly. An
acceptably (minimally) competent person is defined as someone
who adequately performs all job functions safely and requires no
further training to do so.
-
The SMEs review each test question as group.
A consensus is reached for the rating of each test question.
During this time the SMEs review comments submitted in writing
by test-takers. Any test question that is judged to be
ambiguous, has more than one correct answer, or has no correct
answers is eliminated from the scoring process for that test.
These test questions are then revised for future use,
re-classified, or deleted form the test item bank.
-
After the data are refined, the final step is
to calculate the mean, or average, of all the test question
ratings. This becomes the overall pass point estimation.
Why Use Modified Angoff?
Each version of a given certification test pulls questions from a
test item bank. Each of these questions vary in difficulty. Because
a different mix of questions is used in each test the overall
difficulty level is not fixed. Thus, it is important to make sure
that the varying difficulty level is reflected in the pass point of
each test to ensure that test results are reliable. Test reliability
is concerned with the reproducibility of results for each version of
a given test. In other words, for a test to be reliable it must
yield the same result (pass or fail) for the same individual under
very similar circumstances. For example, image you take a certain
grade level test and pass it. Immediately after completing this test
you take the same grade level test, but a different version. If the
test is reliable you will achieve the same result: pass. If you
don’t, it is likely that the test is not a reliable measure of
acceptable (minimal) competency.
By taking into consideration the difficulty level
of the test, the modified Angoff Method significantly increases the
reliability of the tests. Also, since each test is adjusted for
difficulty level, each test version has the same standard for
passing. Thus, test-takers are treated equitably and fairly even if
they take different versions of the test.
There are other methods for setting pass points.
However, for the type of tests administered by CWEA, the modified
Angoff Method is the best.
Why Not Use 70% As The Pass Point?
Pass points are a critical component of any certification test. It
is the standard at which those who have demonstrated minimal
acceptable competence are separated from those who have not. Simply
writing a test then setting the pass point at 70%, without any
supporting rationale, leaves a lot of questions open such as: how do
you know if a 70% pass point will result in all competent
individuals passing and no one else passing?; why was 70% chosen?;
how can a variety of different tests, that test different subjects
at different grade levels, all have the same pass point?; and how do
you know that the 70% pass point will result in reliable estimates
of competence? If all of these questions can be answered adequately
then 70% is an acceptable pass point. Simply answering that 70% is
the traditional pass point is not acceptable. If a 70% pass point is
determined under the modified Angoff Method then it can be stated
that 70% is an acceptable pass point.
Certification Program Standards
Certification programs affect employment decisions and are therefore
subject to certain standards set forth by federal law. To comply
with these federal regulations, pass points must be set with
consideration given to Standards of Educational and Psychological
Testing (American Educational Research Association, American
Psychological Association, and the National Council on Measurement
in Education, 1985). CWEA utilizes methods of pass point
determination that meet, or exceed, these standards.
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